Beavers, mice, squirrels, porcupines, deer, bear... It's a huge list! This might help you identify your culprit.
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/infd-6k4kaf
It's from the UK, brb with a US link.
Edit: this one shows a picture of beaver damage where they just ate the bark.
https://www.americanforests.org/magazine/article/the-language-of-bark/